| Mutation Description |
"The pseudogenizing mutations observed in the pinnipeds included a 4-bp frameshift insertion (positions 188–191; Fig.1) in four phocids (spotted seal, harbor seal, Caspian seal, and northern elephant seal), a 1-bp frameshift deletion (position 61) and a nonsense substitution (position 248) in one phocid (northern elephant seal), and a nonsense substitution (position 61) in two otariids (Australian sea lion and South American sea lion). A 2-bp frame-shift insertion previously reported from the giant panda (Li et al. 2010; Zhao et al. 2010) was confirmed (positions 297–298). Each of these mutations introduced a premature stop codon (Fig.1)." |
10.1007/s00114-012-0939-8 |
| Timing of Loss |
"Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the 4-bp insertion first occurred in a common ancestor of the four phocids and was followed by the 1-bp deletion and nonsense substitution in the northern elephant seal lineage, and that the nonsense substitution found in the two otariids arose in their common ancestor." |
10.1007/s00114-012-0939-8 |
| Phenotypic |
"Anatomical studies, however, have shown that gustatory papillae on the tongue of pinnipeds are reduced in number and simplified as compared with other carnivorans." |
10.1007/s00114-012-0939-8 |
| Other |
"Partial DNA sequences of Tas1r1 exon 3 were newly determined for six pinnipeds and six other carnivorans. These sequences have been deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases with accession numbers AB697513–AB697524." |
10.1007/s00114-012-0939-8 |