Gene Loss

GlossID	Species	Gene Loss Mechanism	Loss Type	Lineage Specific	Evidence	Accession Nr.
GL_H5QD2Q	Pteropus vampyrus	Exon(s) deletion	Full	No	Genomic

Type	Excerpt	DOI
Functional	"(…) fruit bats have lost two genes involved in insulin metabolism and signaling (FAM3B and FFAR3) that may contribute to metabolic adaptations to their sugar rich diet."	10.1038/s41467-018-03667-1
Methodology & Validation	"For a gene to be classified as lost, we require that a lineage, which descends from an ancestor with an intact gene, exhibits several gene-inactivating mutations that most likely result in a non-functional protein. As gene-inactivating mutations, we consider frameshifting insertions and deletions, inframe stop codon mutations, and splice site-disrupting mutations. In addition, we consider the loss of exons or even entire genes, which could occur due to either large deletions in the genome or the accumulation of numerous mutations that destroy any sequence similarity. For all previously unknown gene losses presented here, we further confirmed the loss by validating the gene-inactivating mutations with unassembled sequencing reads from the respective species."	10.1038/s41467-018-03667-1
Timing of Loss	"A shared frameshifting deletion in exon 6 and the deletion of exon 2 with the same breakpoints (asterisks) show that the loss of FAM3B already happened in the ancestor of both fruit bats."	10.1038/s41467-018-03667-1
Phenotypic	"(…) the loss of FAM3B in fruit bats could be a mechanism that facilitates hepatic processing of ingested sugar."	10.1038/s41467-018-03667-1

Sup Figure 13 & 29; Sup Table 4