Gene Loss

Publication Details

Identifier: JB_DRJTNG

Curator: M. Lopes-Marques

Title:

Losses of human disease-associated genes in placental mammals.

Abstract:

We systematically investigate whether losses of human disease-associated genes occurred in other mammals during evolution. We first show that genes lost in any of 62 non-human mammals generally have a lower degree of pleiotropy, and are highly depleted in essential and disease-associated genes. Despite this under-representation, we discovered multiple genes implicated in human disease that are truly lost in non-human mammals. In most cases, traits resembling human disease symptoms are present but not deleterious in gene-loss species, exemplified by losses of genes causing human eye or teeth disorders in poor-vision or enamel-less mammals. We also found widespread losses of PCSK9 and CETP genes, where loss-of-function mutations in humans protect from atherosclerosis. Unexpectedly, we discovered losses of disease genes (TYMP, TBX22, ABCG5, ABCG8, MEFV, CTSE) where deleterious phenotypes do not manifest in the respective species. A remarkable example is the uric acid-degrading enzyme UOX, which we found to be inactivated in elephants and manatees. While UOX loss in hominoids led to high serum uric acid levels and a predisposition for gout, elephants and manatees exhibit low uric acid levels, suggesting alternative ways of metabolizing uric acid. Together, our results highlight numerous mammals that are 'natural knockouts' of human disease genes.

Last update:

29-06-2024

Associated Glosses (100 results)

GlossID	Species	Symbol	Gene Loss Mechanism	Loss Type	Lineage Specific	Citation
GL_56A29U	Orcinus orca	TYMP	LOF (frameshift, premature stop, ss)	Full	Artiodactyla	10.1093/nargab/lqz012
GL_6DW5GY	Tursiops truncatus	TYMP	LOF (frameshift, premature stop, ss)	Full	Artiodactyla	10.1093/nargab/lqz012
GL_6VTOGD	Loxodonta africana	Uox	LOF (frameshift, premature stop, ss)	Full	Elephantidae	10.1093/nargab/lqz012
GL_7APYQB	Tursiops truncatus	CETP	Exon(s) deletion	Full	Laurasiatheria	10.1093/nargab/lqz012
GL_81B7IJ	Bos taurus	CTSE	Exon(s) deletion	Full	Artiodactyla	10.1093/nargab/lqz012
GL_C7W3QR	Camelus bactrianus	TYMP	LOF (frameshift, premature stop, ss)	Full	Artiodactyla	10.1093/nargab/lqz012
GL_CHEI4Z	Bison bison	TYMP	LOF (frameshift, premature stop, ss)	Full	Artiodactyla	10.1093/nargab/lqz012
GL_CTCXDQ	Leptonychotes weddellii	PCSK9	Exon(s) deletion	Full	Carnivora	10.1093/nargab/lqz012
GL_CWQK5K	Bison bison	CTSE	Exon(s) deletion	Full	Artiodactyla	10.1093/nargab/lqz012
GL_CZV1WO	Canis lupus familiaris	TBX22	Gene deletion	Full	No	10.1093/nargab/lqz012